GONE WITH THE WIND by Margaret Mitchell
SUMMARY
It is the spring of 1861. Scarlett O’Hara, a pretty Southern belle, lives on Tara, a large plantation in Georgia. She concerns herself only with her numerous suitors and her desire to marry Ashley Wilkes. One day she hears that Ashley is engaged to Melanie Hamilton, his frail, plain cousin from Atlanta. At a barbecue at the Wilkes plantation the next day, Scarlett confesses her feelings to Ashley. He tells her that he does love her but that he is marrying Melanie because she is similar to him, whereas he and Scarlett are very different. Scarlett slaps Ashley and he leaves the room. Suddenly Scarlett realizes that she is not alone. Rhett Butler, a scandalous but dashing adventurer, has been watching the whole scene, and he compliments Scarlett on being unladylike. The Civil War begins. Charles Hamilton, Melanie’s timid, dull brother, proposes to Scarlett. She spitefully agrees to marry him, hoping to hurt Ashley. Over the course of two months, Scarlett and Charles marry, Charles joins the army and dies of the measles, and Scarlett learns that she is pregnant. After Scarlett gives birth to a son, Wade, she becomes bored and unhappy. She makes a long trip to Atlanta to stay with Melanie and Melanie’s aunt, Pittypat. The busy city agrees with Scarlett’s temperament, and she begins to see a great deal of Rhett. Rhett infuriates Scarlett with his bluntness and mockery, but he also encourages her to flout the severely restrictive social requirements for mourning Southern widows. As the war progresses, food and clothing run scarce in Atlanta. Scarlett and Melanie fear for Ashley’s safety. After the bloody battle of Gettysburg, Ashley is captured and sent to prison, and the Yankee army begins bearing down on Atlanta. Scarlett desperately wants to return home to Tara, but she has promised Ashley she will stay with the pregnant Melanie, who could give birth at any time. On the night the Yankees capture Atlanta and set it afire, Melanie gives birth to her son, Beau. Rhett helps Scarlett and Melanie escape the Yankees, escorting them through the burning streets of the city, but he abandons them outside Atlanta so he can join the Confederate Army. Scarlett drives the cart all night and day through a dangerous forest full of deserters and soldiers, at last reaching Tara. She arrives to find that her mother, Ellen, is dead; her father, Gerald, has lost his mind; and the Yankee army has looted the plantation, leaving no food or cotton. Scavenging for subsistence, a furious Scarlett vows never to go hungry again. Scarlett takes charge of rebuilding Tara. She murders a Yankee thief and puts out a fire set by a spiteful Yankee soldier. At last the war ends, word comes that Ashley is free and on his way home, and a stream of returning soldiers begins pouring through Tara. One such soldier, a one-legged homeless Confederate named Will Benteen, stays on and helps Scarlett with the plantation. One day, Will brings terrible news: Jonas Wilkerson, a former employee at Tara and current government official, has raised the taxes on Tara, hoping to drive the O’Haras out so that he might buy the plantation. Distraught, Scarlett hurries to Atlanta to seduce Rhett Butler so that he will give her the three hundred dollars she needs for taxes. Rhett has emerged from the war a fabulously wealthy man, dripping with earnings from his blockade-running operation and from food speculation. However, Rhett is in a Yankee jail and cannot help Scarlett. Scarlett sees her sister’s beau, Frank Kennedy, who now owns a general store, and forges a plan. Determined to save Tara, she betrays her sister and marries Frank, pays the taxes on Tara, and devotes herself to making Frank’s business more profitable. After Rhett blackmails his way out of prison, he lends Scarlett enough money to buy a sawmill. To the displeasure of Atlanta society, Scarlett becomes a shrewd businesswoman. Gerald dies, and Scarlett returns to Tara for the funeral. There, she persuades Ashley and Melanie to move to Atlanta and accept a share in her lumber business. Shortly thereafter, Scarlett gives birth to Frank’s child, Ella Lorena. A free black man and his white male companion attack Scarlett on her way home from the sawmill one day. That night, the Ku Klux Klan avenges the attack on Scarlett, and Frank ends up dead. Rhett proposes to Scarlett and she quickly accepts. After a long, luxurious honeymoon in New Orleans, Scarlett and Rhett return to Atlanta, where Scarlett builds a garish mansion and socializes with wealthy Yankees. Scarlett becomes pregnant again and has another child, Bonnie Blue Butler. Rhett dotes on the girl and begins a successful campaign to win back the good graces of the prominent Atlanta citizens in order to keep Bonnie from being an outcast like Scarlett. Scarlett and Rhett’s marriage begins happily, but Rhett becomes increasingly bitter and indifferent toward her. Scarlett’s feelings for Ashley have diminished into a warm, sympathetic friendship, but Ashley’s jealous sister, India, finds them in a friendly embrace and spreads the rumor that they are having an affair. To Scarlett’s surprise, Melanie takes Scarlett’s side and refuses to believe the rumors. After Bonnie is killed in a horse-riding accident, Rhett nearly loses his mind, and his marriage with Scarlett worsens. Not long after the funeral, Melanie has a miscarriage and falls very ill. Distraught, Scarlett hurries to see her. Melanie makes Scarlett promise to look after Ashley and Beau. Scarlett realizes that she loves and depends on Melanie and that Ashley has been only a fantasy for her. She concludes that she truly loves Rhett. After Melanie dies, Scarlett hurries to tell Rhett of her revelation. Rhett, however, says that he has lost his love for Scarlett, and he leaves her. Grief-stricken and alone, Scarlett makes up her mind to go back to Tara to recover her strength in the comforting arms of her childhood nurse and slave, Mammy, and to think of a way to win Rhett back.
ANALYSIS: HISTORICAL
Gone with the Wind is a historical romance that uses Scarlett O’Hara as the symbol for reconstruction in the South. Like Atlanta, which sheds its image of Southern gentility after the Civil War, Scarlett was allowed to break away from the conventionalities of proper Southern womanhood. Because of devastation and defeat, Scarlett adopted behavior that were more suited to her energy and character as she struggled to support her family, in restoring the plantation Tara to become productive and to become a successful businesswoman in Atlanta. She became strong and practical amidst challenges as she accepted the survival from Civil War. In fact, she was determined and courageous to go on living. Also, when it comes to her status, she had second and third marriages namely, Frank Kennedy and Rhett Butler, which were considered as marriages of expedience that were both for commercial gain. Scarlett lacks both analytical and sensitivity skills, but it was replaced by being determined to her wills to act on it. She was forced to face the worst like facing death, starvation, rape, exhaustion, loss of her beloved mother, and fear of losing Tara. However, Civil War during that time depicted heroic growth to maturity especially for Scarlett. In fact, she had her sense security about her own survival and she begun to develop qualities when it comes to sensitivity and concern for others.
According to Collett, J. (n.d.) "Gone with the Wind has been hailed as a triumph of American literature and film. In 1937, Margaret Mitchell won the Pulitzer Prize for her sweeping portrayal of the crumbling of the Old South. Since then, the novel has sold millions of copies. Even today, Gone with the Wind, despite its many historical inaccuracies, forms the basis of American popular memory of the Old South. There have been many tales of the Old South in the years since the Civil War, but Margaret Mitchell's tale is the one that is most deeply embedded in American culture. An important element of the story's popularity is Scarlett O'Hara, a strong female character." In relation to this, Gone with the Wind was a story about the importance of land. After the Civil War between South and North, Scarlett realized Tara was in a dark situation. In fact, in order to rebuild Tara, she was forced to marry Frank Kennedy. However, that was not the end of the struggles that is why, at the unhappy ending, Scarlett decided to return home to Tara and to its beloved earth in order to restore her sense of hope and of purpose. Going back to Civil War happenings, slaves of Tara run off when Yankees were burning the plantation. That was the hardest time that they have encountered in which they thought that it could be the end of their lives. "This experience was one shared by many plantation owners in the South, some of whom also lost their land because they were unable to pay the new taxes. Similarly, many people in the 1930s had lost their jobs, savings, and homes after the stock market crash of 1929. Economic recovery during the 1930s was slow," (The Great Depression, n.d.). Further, the way how Margaret Mitchell completed the novel was through her life experiences including the life happenings of the same blood that runs into her. In fact, her mother named Maybelle Stephens Mitchell was descended from an Irish family who was later emigrated to Georgia as she owned a plantation near the town of Jonesboro. Also, Margarett's grandfather fought for the Confederate Sated of America during the Civil War and became the developer during reconstruction. With this, according to Rentz, C. (2014) "all of this economic and political family history played an integral role in the writing of Gone with the Wind. From a young age, Margaret Mitchell was taught about the Civil War and reconstruction by her parents, grandparents, other relatives, and all of their friends. In writing her novel, Mitchell decided to write about the Civil War, preferring a subject with which she was familiar to one she would have to learn from the beginning.
Gone With the Wind was a novel who has been adopted to film. It continues to be a popular piece of romance style today but it does not carry the same cultural relevance it had when it was first published. Thus, this results to a reason why it was neglected in literary study, because in modern times, the situations are not as relevant as they were in the 1930s, and it can be difficult to see past the glaring flaws in its ideology concerning race. However, the impact of the novel in its time and its events indicate that the book is a useful tool for studying history, especially from a cultural perspective. Lastly, the novel's main theme was about survival in times during which traditions, ways of life and thinking, even love and understanding are gone with the wind, such as in the South during the Civil War.
REFERENCES:
Collett, J. (n.d.). Romanticizing the Old South: A Feminist, Historical Analysis of Gone With the Wind. Retrieved from https://www.feminist.com/resources/artspeech/remember/rtl8.html
Rentz,C. (2014). In Aother Day: The Historical and Cultural Relevance of Gone With The Wind. Retrieved from http://thesis.honors.olemiss.edu/92/1/In%20Another%20Day.pdf\
The Great Depression...(n.d.). The Great Depression and Reconstruction Eras. Retrieved from http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-gonewind/historicalcontext.html#gsc.tab=0
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